{
  "source": "DHS Yearbook of Immigration Statistics, USCIS, State Department, CBP, ICE ERO",
  "lastUpdated": "February 2026",
  "legalImmigration": {
    "description": "Lawful Permanent Residents (Green Cards) issued per fiscal year",
    "yearly": [
      {
        "fy": 2014,
        "greenCards": 1016518,
        "refugees": 69987,
        "naturalizations": 653416,
        "nonimmigrantAdmissions": 181285611
      },
      {
        "fy": 2015,
        "greenCards": 1051031,
        "refugees": 69933,
        "naturalizations": 730259,
        "nonimmigrantAdmissions": 181404049
      },
      {
        "fy": 2016,
        "greenCards": 1183505,
        "refugees": 84994,
        "naturalizations": 753060,
        "nonimmigrantAdmissions": 181148687
      },
      {
        "fy": 2017,
        "greenCards": 1127167,
        "refugees": 53716,
        "naturalizations": 707265,
        "nonimmigrantAdmissions": 181093645
      },
      {
        "fy": 2018,
        "greenCards": 1096611,
        "refugees": 22491,
        "naturalizations": 756800,
        "nonimmigrantAdmissions": 188940669
      },
      {
        "fy": 2019,
        "greenCards": 1031765,
        "refugees": 30000,
        "naturalizations": 843593,
        "nonimmigrantAdmissions": 190671535
      },
      {
        "fy": 2020,
        "greenCards": 707362,
        "refugees": 11814,
        "naturalizations": 625400,
        "nonimmigrantAdmissions": 57758028
      },
      {
        "fy": 2021,
        "greenCards": 740002,
        "refugees": 11411,
        "naturalizations": 855000,
        "nonimmigrantAdmissions": 78373816
      },
      {
        "fy": 2022,
        "greenCards": 1018349,
        "refugees": 25465,
        "naturalizations": 969380,
        "nonimmigrantAdmissions": 147871364
      },
      {
        "fy": 2023,
        "greenCards": 1165700,
        "refugees": 60014,
        "naturalizations": 878500,
        "nonimmigrantAdmissions": 173660000
      },
      {
        "fy": 2024,
        "greenCards": 1180000,
        "refugees": 100000,
        "naturalizations": 955000,
        "nonimmigrantAdmissions": 180000000
      },
      {
        "fy": 2025,
        "greenCards": 900000,
        "refugees": 400,
        "naturalizations": 818500,
        "nonimmigrantAdmissions": 175000000
      }
    ],
    "fy2025Note": "FY2025: Refugee program effectively halted under Executive Order. Only ~400 South African (Afrikaner) refugees admitted. Green card and naturalization processing slowed ~21% per USCIS quarterly data."
  },
  "enforcement": {
    "description": "ICE ERO Removals, Returns, and Book-outs per fiscal year",
    "yearly": [
      {
        "fy": 2014,
        "removals": 315943,
        "returns": 163245,
        "iceDetainers": 188382,
        "iceArrestTotal": 315943
      },
      {
        "fy": 2015,
        "removals": 235413,
        "returns": 129726,
        "iceDetainers": 152393,
        "iceArrestTotal": 235413
      },
      {
        "fy": 2016,
        "removals": 240255,
        "returns": 106772,
        "iceDetainers": 142356,
        "iceArrestTotal": 240255
      },
      {
        "fy": 2017,
        "removals": 226119,
        "returns": 98106,
        "iceDetainers": 143470,
        "iceArrestTotal": 226119
      },
      {
        "fy": 2018,
        "removals": 256085,
        "returns": 96045,
        "iceDetainers": 159730,
        "iceArrestTotal": 256085
      },
      {
        "fy": 2019,
        "removals": 267258,
        "returns": 110516,
        "iceDetainers": 167789,
        "iceArrestTotal": 267258
      },
      {
        "fy": 2020,
        "removals": 185884,
        "returns": 47381,
        "iceDetainers": 103603,
        "iceArrestTotal": 185884
      },
      {
        "fy": 2021,
        "removals": 59011,
        "returns": 11225,
        "iceDetainers": 74082,
        "iceArrestTotal": 59011
      },
      {
        "fy": 2022,
        "removals": 72177,
        "returns": 24759,
        "iceDetainers": 113431,
        "iceArrestTotal": 142059
      },
      {
        "fy": 2023,
        "removals": 142580,
        "returns": 60823,
        "iceDetainers": 102844,
        "iceArrestTotal": 170590
      },
      {
        "fy": 2024,
        "removals": 271484,
        "returns": 90823,
        "iceDetainers": 125000,
        "iceArrestTotal": 311500
      },
      {
        "fy": 2025,
        "removals": 319980,
        "returns": 82000,
        "iceDetainers": 210000,
        "iceArrestTotal": 450000
      },
      {
        "fy": 2026,
        "removals": 56392,
        "returns": 12000,
        "iceDetainers": 55000,
        "iceArrestTotal": 120000,
        "note": "FYTD through ~Jan 2026"
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "February 2026"
  },
  "visaOverstays": {
    "description": "DHS Entry/Exit Overstay Reports — visitors who remained beyond authorized stay",
    "source": "DHS Annual Entry/Exit Overstay Reports to Congress",
    "yearly": [
      {
        "fy": 2016,
        "expectedDepartures": 50385523,
        "totalOverstays": 628799,
        "overstayRate": 1.25
      },
      {
        "fy": 2017,
        "expectedDepartures": 52656022,
        "totalOverstays": 606926,
        "overstayRate": 1.15
      },
      {
        "fy": 2018,
        "expectedDepartures": 54728165,
        "totalOverstays": 666582,
        "overstayRate": 1.22
      },
      {
        "fy": 2019,
        "expectedDepartures": 56034507,
        "totalOverstays": 676422,
        "overstayRate": 1.21
      },
      {
        "fy": 2020,
        "expectedDepartures": 22787103,
        "totalOverstays": 684611,
        "overstayRate": 3
      },
      {
        "fy": 2022,
        "expectedDepartures": 43966539,
        "totalOverstays": 853955,
        "overstayRate": 1.94
      },
      {
        "fy": 2023,
        "expectedDepartures": 50523476,
        "totalOverstays": 803572,
        "overstayRate": 1.59
      },
      {
        "fy": 2024,
        "expectedDepartures": 52000000,
        "totalOverstays": 478400,
        "overstayRate": 0.92
      }
    ],
    "topOverstayCountries2023": [
      {
        "country": "India",
        "overstays": 50689
      },
      {
        "country": "Mexico",
        "overstays": 47704
      },
      {
        "country": "Brazil",
        "overstays": 43981
      },
      {
        "country": "Colombia",
        "overstays": 38217
      },
      {
        "country": "Venezuela",
        "overstays": 33411
      },
      {
        "country": "Nigeria",
        "overstays": 22149
      },
      {
        "country": "China",
        "overstays": 19876
      },
      {
        "country": "Philippines",
        "overstays": 18642
      },
      {
        "country": "Haiti",
        "overstays": 17123
      },
      {
        "country": "Jamaica",
        "overstays": 15987
      }
    ]
  },
  "estimatedUndocumented": {
    "description": "Estimated unauthorized immigrant population in the US",
    "source": "CMS, Pew Research Center, DHS estimates",
    "estimates": [
      {
        "year": 2007,
        "low": 11800000,
        "high": 12200000,
        "source": "DHS/Pew"
      },
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "low": 10700000,
        "high": 11200000,
        "source": "DHS/Pew"
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "low": 10500000,
        "high": 11100000,
        "source": "DHS/Pew"
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "low": 10200000,
        "high": 10700000,
        "source": "DHS/Pew"
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "low": 11000000,
        "high": 11500000,
        "source": "CMS/Pew"
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "low": 11500000,
        "high": 14300000,
        "source": "CMS/DHS estimates vary widely"
      },
      {
        "year": 2025,
        "low": 11000000,
        "high": 14500000,
        "source": "CMS/DHS — estimates vary; border encounters declined sharply"
      }
    ]
  }
}